Research Articles

Antimicrobial Effects of the Stem Bark Extracts of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) G. Don on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

2024-05-24T11:30:29Z

Antimicrobial Effects of the Stem Bark Extracts of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) G. Don on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Ihuma, J. O; Kure, S .; Famojuro, Tayo I. Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the stem bark extracts of P. biglobosa on selected bacteria species, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Bingham University-Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Methodology: Plant extracts were made by boiling, soaking and methanol extraction, and the antimicrobial assay was performed using the disc and agar-well diffusion methods. Results: The results indicated all the extract exhibited antimicrobial properties. The highest potential activity was observed with the macerated extract with zones of inhibition at 12.5 mm and 6.5 mm against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively in the agar-well diffusion method while no active zone of inhibition was recorded in the disk diffusion method. It was noted that the macerated extract showed the highest MIC of 100 mg/ml with a zone of inhibition at 15.0 mm against S. aureus. Original Research Article Ihuma et al.; Asian J. Biol., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1-9, 2022; Article no.AJOB.92799 2 Conclusion: The results obtained showed that the macerated extract of the plant possess the highest antimicrobial effect against S. aureus, and E. coli. Although observed potency of this extract in vitro, may not be translated to the same activity in vivo. However, the results confirmed the efficacy of the plant as a natural antimicrobial and can be further investigated for possible antimicrobial drug discovery.

Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaf Extracts of Ficus sycomorus Linn. on Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter freundii

2024-06-28T19:28:25Z

Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaf Extracts of Ficus sycomorus Linn. on Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter freundii IHUMA, Jerome; KOGGIE, A.Z; FAMOJURO, Tayo I.; Ugboji, L.O Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activities of Ficus sycomorus leave extract on selected bacteria. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids, it also revealed the absence of glycoside. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology laboratory, Biological Sciences Department, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Methodology: Plant extracts were prepared by boiling, soaking and methanol extraction. 96-well plates dilution method for determination of Minimum Inhibition Concentraction (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were carried out. Results: The MBC for Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter freundii showed antimicrobial activities at 400 µl each. The plant has exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter freundii. Conclusion: The antimicrobial compounds produced by plant extracts are active against bacteria. It is expected that plant extracts showing target sites other than those used by antibiotics will be active against drug-resistant microorganisms

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of People Using the Crude Extract of Andrographis paniculata (Buem. f) Nees. (Acanthaceae) on Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

2024-05-24T11:28:39Z

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of People Using the Crude Extract of Andrographis paniculata (Buem. f) Nees. (Acanthaceae) on Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Ihuma, J.O; Famojuro, Tayo I.; Ugbir, J. Data on Traditional Medicine Practice (TMP) in population with access to modern medicine is not clear, though, it has gained huge popularity in all regions of developing countries over decades. This research was conducted to investigate the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of people using Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees as a medical herb and the effects of the crude extracts on some microbial isolates. Quantitative-based cross-sectional survey was carried out on 100 participants around Auta-Baleifi and Bingham University communities through the use of structured questionnaires. Data collected from the participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The plant species leaves were collected, washed and extracted by boiling, soaking and macerating using distilled water. The crude extracts were tested for its antimicrobial activities on Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using ciprofloxacin as the control. From the result of the KAP analysis, majority (36%) of the participants were between 19-28 years old, followed by 29 – 38 years (32%) and only 5% were 59 years and above . 91% of the participants have good knowledge of traditional medicine, while only 9% were not aware of the practice , 32.0% of the participant claimed that the use of traditional medicine preparation had no adverse effects as compared to modern medicine,, while larger percentage (68%), do not agree that traditional Original Research Article Ihuma et al.; ARRB, 37(9): 55-64, 2022; Article no.ARRB.90491 56 medicine is safer than modern medicine., 36% of the participants claimed to have used A. paniculata, a traditional herb, for one medicinal purpose or the other, while 54% said they have never used it, but may considered using it in future,. The population in Auta-baleifi and Bingham University communities has good knowledge with high acceptability of the use of traditional medicine. Although the result of the antimicrobial showed that the crude extracts of A. paniculata had no clear zone of inhibition against the test organisms, but the plant have demonstrated effective used in traditional medicine against symptoms very similar to that of malaria.

Effect of Cashew apple juice (Anacardium occidentale L.) on Hematology and Spleen of Gentamicin Induced Injury in Albino Rats

2024-05-24T11:27:46Z

Effect of Cashew apple juice (Anacardium occidentale L.) on Hematology and Spleen of Gentamicin Induced Injury in Albino Rats Famojuro, Tayo Ibukun Aim/Introduction:The use of plant in treatment of human diseases is as old as man. Medicinal plants are often consumed locally without a graded dose or expected duration of use. Cashew is traditionally used for diabetes, high cholesterol, heart disease, stomach and intestinal (gastrointestinal) ailments, skin problems, and other conditions. The aim of this study is to determine protective effect of Cashew apple juice, Anacardium occidentale, on gentamicin induced injury on spleen of albino rats. Method: A total of thirty rats (155–210 g) where used for this work. Group one served as the positive control receiving normal saline. Group two received normal saline for eigth days, while group 3, 4 and 5 received 10, 20 and 40 ml/kg of the extract respectively. On the eighth (8th) day, animals in groups 2 – 5 received gentamicin 100 mg/kg bw orally. Twenty hours after the last administration, that is on the 9th day, all animals were weighed again and sacrificed under light diethylether vapour. Result: Anacardium occidentale fruit juice extract caused significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of RBC, PCV, Hb, platelet and monocyte when compared to the gentamicin group. There was no significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of WBC. There was also significant increase (P<0.05) in the body weight ratio of the rat’s spleen. Histopatholgy observations agree with hematology study. Conclusion: Anacardium occidentale has protective tendency on vital body organ. The fruit may also be useful in improving hematological parameters.