http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/204 2026-04-05T22:57:32Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1173 Evaluation of Anxiolytic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Thymus vulgaris Leaves Using Elevated Plus Maze [EPM] Test Uduak, Peter Ise The most common group of psychiatric diseases are anxiety disorders, thus there is increase need for anxiolytics as a result of increasingly paced world. The current anxiolytics are characterized by serious adverse effects and narrow therapeutic margin, therefore, there is need for alternative drugs in terms of plants which are cheaper, more accessible and more affordable. Thymus vulgaris L. [Lamiaceae] is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, Ethinomedicinally T. vulgaris has anti-anxiety, sedative, hypnotic antihelminthic, expectorant, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, antivirotic, carminative, and diaphoretic effects. The anxiolytic activity of T.vulgaris L was evaluated using three different doses [50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg body weight of the extract], 5mg/kg diazepam was also used a reference drug by EPM. The result indicated statistically dose-dependent reduction of anxiety activities [P<0.05] and highly statistically dosedependent reduction of anxiety activities [P>0.05] in EPM test. The phytochemicals responsible for the anti-anxiety effects should be elucidated and characterized. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/994 Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous extract of Vitis vinifera against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats UDUAK, Peter I. In this study we evaluated the hepatotoxicity activity of Vitis vinifera in acetaminophen induced liver damage in rats. Five (5) Groups of rats were used for the study, Group 1 received normal saline (1ml /kg, p.o), Group II received acetaminophen (300mg/kg, i.p), Group III received (300mg/kg, i.p) acetaminophen and (150mg/kg, o.p) Vitis vinifera juice, Group IV received ( 600mg/kg, i.p) acetaminophen and (300mg/kg, o.p) Vitis vinifera juice while Group V received ( 600mg/kg, i.p) acetaminophen and Silymarin (25mg/kg, o.p) simultaneously once daily for four (4) days. Acute toxicity study and histopathological analysis were carried out. The LD 50 was found to greater than 4000mg/kg body weight. The aqueous extract of Vitis vinifera significantly (P< 0.05*) reduced the hepatic enzymes from aspartase transaminase ( AST ) (415 ± 0.2* to 94.5 ± 0.8*) alanine transaminase (ALT) (132 ± 2.2 * to 60.5 ± 0.2*) and alkaline phosphase ALP (118± 0.6 * to 87.5 ± 2.1*) while there were no significant changes in the total bilirubin (TB) and direct bilirubin levels comparable to the reference drug. These findings confirm the histopathology study which indicated no adverse effects on the liver. The aqueous extract of the Vitis vinifera possesses hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen induced liver damage, therefore further studies should be carried out to determine the exact mechanism of action as well as phytochemicals responsible for these activities. 2023-07-24T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/718 Toxicological Study of the Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Pterocarpus santalinus Extract on Liver of Wister Rats HARUNA, Wazis Chama; BUILDERS, Modupe I.; SIMEON, Joseph Oyepata; TOSIN, Joseph Opeyemi Aim/introduction: The use of medicinal plants has attained a commanding role in health system all over the world. Pterocarpus santalinus is a plant common in Asia and Africa has been used traditionally in management of several ailments. Due to the relevance of Pterocarpus santalinus in medicine, there is the need to establish the safety profile of this plant on various organs of the body. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Pterocarpus santalinus on rat's kidney over a period of 28 days. Method: Animals of either sex were selected. Group 1 received distilled water (10 ml/kg), while group 2, 3 and 4 received Pterocarpus santalinus 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. Animals were kept in standard cages and given access to the extract, water and food orally for 28 days, after which they were weighed and sacrificed. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture and taken immediately for hematological and chemo pathological analysis. The histological toxic potential of the plant on the liver was studied using haematotoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining technique. Result: There was slightly Significant (P<0.05) decrease in RBC, HGB, MCV, while there was no change in the level of neutrophiles, basophiles, eosinophiles and platelets. Pterocarpus santalinus, slightly significantly (p<0.05) increased There were also no significant (P<0.05) increase in Alkaline phosphatase, level of bilirubin. Histological features agrees with other biomarkers. Conclusion: The result of the study showed that the Pterocarpus santalinus may be safe for human consumption, though with caution particularly at higher dose. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/717 Toxicity Studies of the Extracts of Parkia Biglobosa Stem Bark in Rats BUILDERS, Modupe I.; ISICHIE, C. O.; AGUIYI, J. C. Extracts of Parkia biglobosa stem bark is used in Nigerian traditional medicine (NTM) to treat malaria, diarrhea and pains. To establish the toxicity profile of the medicine such parameters as the lethal dose (LD50) as well as effects on body functions and organs were evaluated in albino Wistar rats. The bioactive constituents of the water and methanol extracts were also evaluated as a link to toxicity. The LD50 was greater than 5000mg/kg per oral (p.o) for both extracts. No significant (P< 0.05) changes in body weights and vital organs of treated animals. However, at 5000mg/kg of water extract, a significant increase in relative weight of the kidneys and hyper -cholesterolemic effects were observed. The extract also elicited significant increase in blood glucose level. The kidneys and livers of animals treated with P. biglobosa water extract for 14 days revealed histopathological evidence of pathological lesions. The methanol extract did not show any changes in the levels of hepatic and hematological parameters, histopathological evidence of pathological lesions, and serum level of urea, uric acid, bilirubin, creatinine and total protein concentrations. Treatment elicited hypo - cholesterolemic effects and significant reduction in blood glucose level occurred in all the groups. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, phenols and reducing sugars in the methanol extract, the water extract showed the presence of similar constituents with the absence of flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. This study has shown the toxicity characteristics of the methanol and water extracts of the stem bark P. biglobosa in short time treatment with the extracts. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z